Metallic films are used in many modern technologies, including integrated circuits, information storage, displays, sensors, and coatings. Metallic Films for Electronic, Optical, and Magnetic Applications examines the structure, processing, and properties of metal films. Part one investigates the structure of metallic films using characterization techniques like x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. This section also covers the processing of metallic films, such as structure formation during deposition, post-deposition reactions, and phase transformation. Part two's chapters focus on metallic film properties such as mechanical, electrical, magnetic, optical, and thermal. Metallic Films for Electronic, Optical, and Magnetic Applications is a technical resource for electronics component manufacturers, semiconductor scientists and engineers, sensor and display product developers, and academics.
Laser spectroscopy is an extremely useful tool for sensing and chemical analysis. Lasers, detectors, and mathematical analytical tools have advanced, increasing the sensitivity and selectivity of spectroscopic techniques and broadening their applications. Laser Spectroscopy for Sensing investigates these developments and how laser spectroscopy can be applied in a wide range of industrial, medical, and environmental applications. Part one introduces basic concepts of atomic and molecular processes, as well as the fundamentals of laser technology for controlling the spectral and temporal aspects of laser excitation. Furthermore, it explains measurement selectivity, sensitivity, and stability, database construction, and machine learning-based data analysis automation. Part two delves into laser spectroscopy techniques, such as cavity-based absorption spectroscopy and the use of photoacoustic spectroscopy to obtain absorption spectra of gases and condensed media. These chapters go over imaging methods that use laser-induced fluorescence and phosphorescence spectroscopies before moving on to light detection and ranging, photothermal spectroscopy, and terahertz spectroscopy.
Chalcogenide glasses are promising photonic materials due to their unique properties and functionalities. Chalcogenide glasses are transparent from visible to near-infrared wavelengths and can be shaped into lenses or drawn into fibres. They have useful commercial applications as lenses for infrared cameras, and chalcogenide glass fibers and optical components are used in waveguides for lasers, optical switching, chemical and temperature sensing, and phase change memories. Chalcogenide glasses provides a comprehensive review of the most recent technological advances in this field as well as industrial applications of the technology. Part one describes the preparation methods and properties of chalcogenide glasses, such as their thermal, structural, and optical properties, before moving on to mean coordination and topological constraints in chalcogenide network glasses, as well as photo-induced phenomena in chalcogenides. This section also discusses chalcogenide glasses' ionic conductivity and physical aging, as well as chalcogenide thin film deposition techniques and transparent glass-ceramics. Part two investigates the applications of chalcogenide glasses.
Surface Modification by Solid State Processing describes friction-based surface modification techniques that change surface chemistry while improving corrosion and wear resistance. Surface conditions are becoming more demanding in industrial applications, and surface modification can lower manufacturing and maintenance costs, resulting in improved component performance, reliability, and lifetime. Friction-based technologies are promising solid-state processing technologies, particularly for light alloys, in the production of composite surface and functionally graded materials. This book is divided into five chapters, beginning with an introduction and progressing through friction surfacing, friction stir processing, surface reinforcements of light alloys, and eddy current characterization techniques.
Smart sensors and MEMS can refer to a wide range of devices and systems with advanced functionality. They accomplish this by incorporating multiple sensing and actuating modes into a single device, or by combining sensing and actuating with information processing, analog-to-digital conversion, and memory functions. Part one discusses industrial applications for smart sensors, including direct interface circuits for sensors, capacitive sensors for displacement measurement in the sub-nanometer range, integrated inductive displacement sensors for harsh industrial environments, advanced silicon radiation detectors in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectral ranges, and advanced optical incremental sensors (encoders and interferometers), among others. The book's second section discusses industrial applications of smart microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). This section's topics include microfabrication technologies used to create smart devices for industrial applications, microactuators, dynamic behavior of smart MEMS in industrial applications, MEMS integrating motion and displacement sensors, MEMS print heads for industrial printing. Photovoltaic and fuel cells in power MEMS for smart energy management and radio frequency (RF)-MEMS for intelligent communication microsystems. Smart sensors and MEMS is a valuable resource for academics, materials scientists, and electrical engineers working in the microelectronics, sensors, and micromechanics industries, as well as engineers seeking industrial sensing, monitoring, and automation solutions.
Underground pipelines that transport liquid petroleum products and natural gas are critical components of civil infrastructure, so corrosion prevention is an important part of asset protection strategy. Underground Pipeline Corrosion provides a fundamental understanding of the issues associated with corrosion detection and mitigation, as well as the current state of corrosion prevention technology. Part one covers the following topics: basic principles of corrosion in underground pipelines, AC-induced corrosion of underground pipelines, the significance of corrosion in onshore oil and gas pipelines, numerical simulations for cathodic protection of pipelines, and the use of corrosion inhibitors in managing corrosion in underground pipelines. Part two describes several methods for detecting corrosion in underground pipelines, including magnetic flux leakage, close interval potential surveys (CIS/CIPS), Pearson surveys, in-line inspection, and the use of both electrochemical and optical probes. While the emphasis is on pipelines transporting fossil fuels, the concepts also apply to metallic pipes used to deliver water and other liquids. Underground Pipeline Corrosion is a comprehensive resource for corrosion, materials, chemical, petroleum, and civil engineers who build or manage onshore and offshore pipeline assets; professionals from steel and coating companies; and academic researchers and professors interested in corrosion and pipeline engineering.
Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are gaining popularity as a material for repairing old and damaged structures. Rehabilitation of Metallic Civil Infrastructure Using Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites investigates the use of fiber-reinforced composites to improve the stability and life of metallic infrastructure, such as bridges. Part I gives an overview of materials and repair, covering topics such as joining steel to FRP composites, finite element modeling, and durability issues. Part II focuses on the use of FRP composites to repair steel components, specifically thin-walled (hollow) steel sections, steel tension members, and cracked aluminum components. Building on Part II, the third section of the book examines the fatigue life of strengthened components. Finally, Part IV discusses the use of FRP composites to rehabilitate various types of metallic infrastructure, including chapters on bridges, historical metallic structures, and other metallic infrastructure. Rehabilitation of Metallic Civil Infrastructure Using Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites serves as a standard reference for infrastructure and fiber-reinforced polymer engineers and designers, infrastructure manufacturers, and academics and researchers.
This book provides a comprehensive overview of nanosensors for chemical and biological applications, focusing on the use of nanotubes, nanowires, and nanoparticles. It covers the latest advancements in the field and their potential impact on chemical engineering.
A smart coating is one that changes its properties in response to an external stimuli. This important book examines the latest generation of smart coatings for corrosion and other forms of material protection.
Biomedical foams are a new type of material that is increasingly being used in tissue engineering applications. Biomedical Foams for Tissue Engineering Applications is a comprehensive review of this new class of materials, whose structure can be engineered to meet the requirements of nutrient trafficking, cell and tissue invasion, as well as tuning the degradation rate and mechanical stability on the specific tissue to be repaired. Part one delves into the fundamentals, properties, and modification of biomedical foams, such as the optimal design and manufacture of biomedical foam pore structure for tissue engineering applications, biodegradable biomedical foam scaffolds, tailoring the pore structure of foam scaffolds for nerve regeneration, and tailoring the properties of polymeric biomedical foam. Part two's chapters focus on tissue engineering applications of biomedical foams, including the use of bioactive glass foams for tissue engineering, bioactive glass and glass-ceramic foam scaffolds for bone tissue restoration, composite biomedical foams for engineering bone tissue, injectable biomedical foams for bone regeneration, polylactic acid (PLA) biomedical foams for tissue engineering, porous hydrogel biomedical foam scaffolds for tissue repair, and Biomedical Foams for Tissue Engineering Applications provides technical information for biomaterials researchers and developers, as well as academics and students of biomedical engineering and regenerative medicine.
Biomedical applications have benefited greatly from the growing interest and research into semiconducting silicon nanowires. "Semiconducting Silicon Nanowires for Biomedical Applications" examines the fabrication, properties, and applications of this emerging material. The book begins with an overview of semiconducting silicon nanowires, including their growth, characterization, biocompatibility, and surface modifications. It then focuses on silicon nanowires for tissue engineering and delivery applications such as cellular binding and internalization, orthopedic tissue scaffolds, stem cell mediated differentiation, and drug delivery via silicon nanoneedles. Finally, it focuses on the use of silicon nanowires for detection and sensing. These chapters look at the development and application of semiconducting silicon nanowire arrays for high-throughput bioscience screening, neural cell pinning on surfaces, and probe-free biosensing platforms. Semiconducting Silicon Nanowires for Biomedical Applications is a comprehensive resource for biomaterials scientists working on biosensors, drug delivery, and tissue engineering, as well as researchers and developers in industry and academia interested in nanoscale biomaterials, particularly electronically-responsive biomaterials.
This book provides in-depth coverage of eco-efficient construction and building materials, with a focus on life cycle assessment (LCA), eco-labelling, and case studies. It is an essential resource for civil engineers and professionals in the construction industry.
The most popular orthopedic procedure, total hip arthroplasty, replaces or reconstructs the hip with an artificial joint. Perspectives in Total Hip Arthroplasty describes advancements in the biomaterials and technologies utilized in this procedure, emphasizing the tribological interactions between the materials. The first section covers the background of total hip arthroplasty before delving into new developments in methods and biomaterials. The second part of the article explains the tribology of the materials used in this procedure and how wear affects the load-bearing surface, which is a major reason why hip prostheses fail. A variety of materials are reviewed in the chapters, such as contemporary biomaterials, hybrid materials, metal, ceramic, and polyethylene. The tribological interactions of these materials during total hip replacement are also covered in the book. For clinicians, researchers, and academics interested in the tribology of total hip arthroplasty as well as materials scientists, engineers, and academics interested in the tribology of biomaterials, Perspectives in Total Hip Arthroplasty is an invaluable resource.
Piecewise affine (PWA) systems have been used extensively in the study of hybrid and nonlinear systems, particularly in the context of mechanical systems. A comprehensive overview of various research findings regarding the control and estimation of piecewise algebraic systems can be found in Control and Estimation of Piecewise Affine Systems. This title contains chapters that analyze PWA system stability results using piecewise homogeneous polynomial Lyapunov functions and piecewise quadratic Lyapunov functions. Along with controller and estimator design methods for PWA systems using linear matrix inequality (LMI) and bilinear matrix inequality (BMI) techniques, explicit necessary and sufficient conditions for the controllability and reachability of a class of PWA systems are considered. A thorough discussion of a PWA approach to a class of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems is provided. The benefits of the suggested techniques are demonstrated throughout the book using a variety of mechanical systems, including disk servo systems.
Lockhart and Wiseman's crop husbandry including grassland, which was first published in 1966, is still required reading for agriculture-related National Diploma, Foundation, and BSc programs. Students pursuing a master's degree in agriculture who come from other fields can also benefit from it.
Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) have shown to be beneficial in many different applications due to characteristics like their toughness, light weight, and resistance to temperature changes. Key developments and CMC processing types are compiled in Advances in Ceramic Matrix Composites. The first section of the book covers the types and processing of CMCs, including their properties and applications, following an introductory chapter. The chapters cover advances in manufacturing through a variety of infiltration techniques, including heat treatments and spark plasma sintering, as well as nanoceramic matric composites and alumina nanocomposites containing silicon carbide. The book's second section, which includes chapters on tribology, wear and self-healing CMCs, and finite element analysis, is devoted to comprehending the characteristics of CMCs. The book's last section looks at CMC applications in the fields of structural engineering, microelectronics, metal cutting, nuclear and fusion energy, and turbines. For scientists and engineers working in the field of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) as well as in sectors like aerospace and automotive engineering, Advances in Ceramic Matrix Composites is a vital resource.
Although natural rubber has long been a valuable industrial material, the need for more environmentally friendly materials has raised the price of this material. a multitude of studies on the characteristics of natural rubber and their optimal applications. This significant book provides an overview of this research and its implications for natural rubber's industrial uses.
Decontamination in Hospitals and Healthcare aims to educate patients, scientists, healthcare professionals, and anyone else interested in public health about decontamination procedures and the advancement of technologies for cleaning and infection control. Before examining the function of standards in decontamination, infection control in Europe, and upcoming trends in the field, Part One emphasizes the significance and background of decontamination in hospitals and healthcare facilities. Hospital and healthcare decontamination procedures are the subject of part two. It takes into account the use of gaseous decontamination technologies, the role of the nurse in decontamination, the problems with microbial biofilm in waterlines, and the management of waterborne microorganisms. Subsequent chapters address managing the presence of microorganisms in hospitals, decontaminating prions, wearing protective clothes, and using no-touch automated room disinfection systems. The third section covers the procedures for sanitizing and disinfecting endoscopes and surgical instruments. The choice framework for local policy and procedures for decontaminating surgical instruments, along with innovative technologies for contamination detection and cleaning, are just a few of the guidance documents that are examined in these chapters. For public health professionals and students interested in healthcare, Decontamination in Hospitals and Healthcare offers a reference source on decontamination. Scientists working in microbiology and disinfection/decontamination labs, medical personnel using disinfectants, microbiology students, physicians, members of the Institute of Decontamination Sciences/Central Sterilising Club, and staff members in the Central Sterile Services divisions of healthcare facilities will find it especially helpful.
Polymers that react differently to various stimuli or environmental changes are known as smart polymers. The book Smart Polymers and Their Applications examines the different kinds, synthesis, characteristics, and uses of smart polymers. Part one's chapters concentrate on different kinds of polymers, such as those that are pH, temperature, photo, and enzyme-responsive. Additionally investigated are hydrogels made of smart polymers, shape memory polymers, and self-healing polymer systems. The uses of smart polymers in medical devices for minimally invasive surgery, diagnosis, and other applications; smart polymer nanocarriers for drug delivery; smart instructive polymer substrates for tissue engineering; and smart polymers for bioseparation and other biotechnology applications are all highlighted in part two. Subsequent chapters cover the applications of smart polymers in packaging, textiles, and optical data storage. Smart Polymers and their Applications is a technical resource for polymer industry professionals such as chemists, chemical engineers, mechanical engineers, and manufacturers in the automotive, aerospace, and medical sectors; it is also intended for academic researchers in polymer science. Examines the various forms of smart polymers, talking about their characteristics, architecture, structure, and design. Examines the uses of smart polymers in the fields of food packaging, textiles, and biomedical engineering.
Geological sequestration and storage of carbon dioxide is one of the most significant methods for lowering greenhouse gas emissions from human activity. The methods and broader effects of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) are reviewed in geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2).
A reliable and useful manual for creating, carrying out, and assessing risk management strategies for medications worldwide is therapeutic risk management of medicines. It describes how to evaluate risks and balance benefits over risks, plan and implement pharmacovigilance and risk reduction initiatives, and communicate with important stakeholders in an efficient manner. Many high-profile drug safety incidents and the need for improved access to potentially hazardous but effective treatments led to the development of a more methodical approach to managing the risks associated with pharmaceuticals. The last ten years have seen a rapid evolution of regulatory requirements. In the EU, new pharmaceuticals must have risk management plans (RMPs), and in the US, some medications require a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS). This book is an accessible resource that enhances the current regulatory guidance by delving deeper into important topics and their real-world applications. It is divided into chapters that cover the history of therapeutic risk management, RMP development techniques, RMP implementation, and the field's ongoing evolution. The topic is crucial for regulators and healthcare policymakers alike, as well as for the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. Selected industry experts have contributed to some of the chapters.
The functionality and range of applications of materials like polymer nanocomposites are greatly expanded by the use of nanoparticles and nanofillers in them. However, there could be hazards to the environment and public health from the use of nanotechnology. The major current studies in this significant field are compiled in this book.
